Contents
- Editorial: Gouvernance: faits et effets
- Illustration 1
- Illustration 2
- Opinions
- News Overview
- Quote
- Multilateral Organizations
- G8/G20 Update
- Coups in Africa since 2000
- In the blogs...
- Calendar
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Gouvernance: faits et effets
Approfondir et consolider les transformations démocratiques ayant lieu en Afrique, ainsi que renforcer la bonne gouvernance aux niveaux régional et global, demeurent des défis majeurs pour les pays africains.
Comme le montrent deux récents développements en Afrique de l’Ouest, la perspective d’un effondrement demeure une menace toujours présente, même dans les pays supposés jouer le rôle de modèle dans le domaine de la pratique démocratique. Certaines pensent que cela correspond à la thèse du politologue américain Larry Diamond selon laquelle la démocratie est en recul dans l’ensemble du monde.
Les récentes élections au Sénégal illustrent les difficultés que peuvent connaître les démocraties même les plus anciennes et les plus robustes. En dépit des efforts du Président octogénaire Abdoulaye Wade visant à manipuler la Constitution, la voix du peuple a prévalu et Wade a été finalement forcé de reconnaître sa défaite face à son opposant, Macky Sall, après un deuxième tour. Le pays a passé avec succès, ce que le Brookings Institution Press appelle le ‘test de résistance’ de la démocratie. Le Sénégal a couru le risque de perdre sa réputation de seul pays constamment démocratique dans la sous-région ouest-africaine, un pays qui n’a jamais connu de coup d’État militaire et dans lequel le multipartisme a régné sans discontinuer pendant près de 50 ans.
Ensuite, il y a le cas du coup d’État militaire au Mali du mois dernier. Comme le Président de la CEDEAO et Président de la Côte-d’Ivoire, Alassane Ouattara, l’a noté dans une dépêche de l’Associated Press (AP) du 28 mars, le coup d’État menace de remettre en cause plus de deux décennies de gouvernance démocratique au Mali, un pays qui était considéré auparavant comme l’un des plus stables de la région. Ayant eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant des élections générales au terme desquelles le Président sortant, Amadou Toumani Touré, devait rendre le pouvoir, le coup d’État est vu comme une moquerie de la tradition démocratique du Mali. La raison derrière le coup d’État – une insatisfaction des jeunes officiers concernant la mauvaise gestion par le Président Touré, selon eux, de la lutte contre les sécessionnistes Touaregs dans le nord du pays – a paradoxalement mis le Mali dans une situation de plus grand danger d’être envahi par les rebelles, et l’a rendu plus vulnérable que jamais aux attaques de l’AQMI, la branche d’Al-Qaeda dans la région du Maghreb. La CEDEAO a émis un ultimatum donnant 72 heures au Mali pour revenir à un gouvernement civil, ou bien de devoir faire face à une intervention d’une force régionale.
En raison directe de la situation au Mali, la paix et la stabilité dans la sous-région ouest-africaine sont sujettes à une menace croissante. Des armes de petits calibres disponibles en raison du conflit libyen circulent librement ; l’AQMI agit presque en toute impunité à partir de bases situées dans le désert sahélien ; les populations sont déplacées par la dernière série de conflits ; alors même que des preuves de l’implication des autorités civiles et militaires dans le trafic de drogue continuent à faire surface. Tout ceci constitue, ce que David Lewis du journal Citizen décrit comme étant un “cocktail explosif”.
Le coup d’État au Mali remet en cause la solidité des accords de sécurité régionaux existants et nécessite des solutions régionales renforcées pour répondre à de telles menaces. Les défis concernant la sécurité en Afrique de l’Ouest, notamment une succession de conflits armés parmi les plus brutaux en Afrique, sont multidimensionnels ; ces défis couvaient depuis longtemps et auraient pu être anticipés par l’Union Africaine et la CEDEAO (les deux institutions se réunissaient au Mali au moment du coup d’État).
Étant donné le potentiel manifeste pour des désordres civils et des conflits armés, les organisations régionales doivent faire davantage pour identifier les vulnérabilités dans la gouvernance des États membres et pour les résoudre avant qu’elles ne se transforment en des problèmes majeurs. Tandis que la CEDEAO et l’Union Africaine ont rapidement agit pour pousser au retour de la légalité constitutionnelle au Mali, jusqu’à présent, leur approche concernant les questions de gouvernance et de sécurité semble plus guidée par la gestion de la crise que par la prévention de la crise. Établir ou renforcer les mécanismes régionaux pour renforcer le système d’alerte précoce et de réponse rapide concernant les points chauds devrait être une priorité immédiate ; la stabilité à long terme et les progrès socio-économiques peuvent prospérer seulement quand il y a une certaine confiance dans l’État de droit.
Les thèmes abordés ci-dessus sont discutés plus amplement dans le rapport sir les progrès en Afrique de 2012, qui sera lancé au Forum économique mondial à Addis-Abeba le 11 mai 2012.
Cet éditorial est paru en anglais sur AllAfrica.
Source:As featured on toonpool.com
News Overview
- A week after Senegal’s President Abdoulaye Wade conceded defeat in his pursuit of a third term in office; the president’s former protégé, Macky Sall is sworn into office to become the country’s first new leader in 12 years. Observers say, Senegal seemed once again, to be providing a calm lesson in democracy to its turbulent peers in the region.
- The nomination of Khairat al-Shatir by the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt as their candidate for the upcoming presidential elections in May raises anxiety amongst citizens. The sudden reversal of their pledge to stay out of the race could widen the gap between liberals and secularists which many fear could cause conflict in an already unstable region.
- A few days before the president of Sudan and South Sudan were scheduled to meet to settle disputes, renewed clashes broke out in the oil-rich border region between the armed forces. This recent development is regarded as the biggest confrontation since the countries split last July and raises doubt as to whether negotiations could proceed.
- Mali's leading political parties rejected on Wednesday an offer by the junta to hold a national convention to discuss a handover of power to civilians, saying it doubted the talks would bring about a legitimate government. Analysts argue that the situation in Mali ‘has taken a turn for the worse’. It not only poses major security risks for its neighbors, it is also contributing to the food crisis in the Sahel region.
Multilateral Organizations
African Union
- African Union endorses Okonjo-Iweala for World Bank
- African Union launches fresh bid to capture Kony
- AU troops in Somalia seize key militant area, including an airstrip and hospital, on the outskirts of Mogadishu
- African Union suspends Mail in wake of military coup
EAC
- WTO reviews EAC status as a trading bloc. WTO has never recognized the community as a regional trading bloc but instead has dealt with individual partner states
- EAC earmarks $7.3 million for a project aimed to improve collaborative trans boundary management of the Lake Victoria basin and reduce environmental stresses like pollution and catchment degradation
ECOWAS
- The ECOWAS Commission and the UN are jointly producing a television documentary that will project the contributions of women in regional cross-border trade
- The ECOWAS Bank for International Development (EBID) plans to pump about $1.5 billion into the economy of the sub-region under a four-year programme which is aimed at improving key sectors in order to promote socio-economic growth
FAO
- FAO appeals for urgent funding to build strength against the food crisis in the Horn of Africa funds
IFAD
- IFAD to fund agricultural development project to reduce rural poverty in Côte d'Ivoire
- Infertile land in Gambia put to plough due to joint AfDB/IFAD/government water project
IMF
UN
- UN, AU call for urgent Sudan summit
- New UN-NEPAD partnership seeks to advance HIV/AIDS response across Africa
World Bank
- World Bank support for social safety net to benefit 8.3 million Ethiopians by 2015
- World Bank-supported safety net program to benefit 1.5 million poor people in Tanzania
- World Bank approves Cameroon’s Lom Pangar Dam Project to boost economic growth and provide more reliable power for up to five million people
- World Bank boosts support to Malawi’s HIV/AIDS Plan and Maternal and Child Nutrition Services
Coups in Africa since 2000
2003
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC - 15 March 2003 (General Bozizé)
SAO TOME E PRINCIPE - 16 July 2003 (Major Fernando Pereira)
GUINEA-BISSAU - 14 September 2003 (General Verissimo Correira Seabra)
2005
MAURITANIA - 3 August 2005 (Colonel Ely Ould Mohamed Vall)
2008
MAURITANIA - 6 August 2008 (General Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz)
GUINEA - 23 December 2008 (Captain Moussa Dadis Camara)
2010 NIGER - 18 February 2010 (Cavalry Major Salou Djibo)
2012 MALI - 21 March 2012 (Captain Amadou Haya Sanogo)
In the blogs...
- Impatient Optimists: Contraception is not controversial, 4 April 2012 - Nobel Laureate, Leymah Gbowee joins Melinda Gates and family planning advocates around the world to change the conversation on contraception. She states that ‘this issue is not too controversial to discuss but, rather, not to discuss it is what should be considered controversial.’
- African Arguments: Mali: The hot season is coming, 30 March 2012 The author writes about the challenges people in Mali are facing at the moment, not just in terms of the fighting and growing insecurity, but also with regards to the drought and food shortages.
- The Guardian’s Poverty Matters Blog: Could Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala head the World Bank? Yes, if five things happen, 29 March 2012 Lant Pritchett, a professor at the Harvard University Kennedy School of Governance, argues that Nigeria’s Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala could and should be elected to head the World Bank – but only if five thing happen.
- Impatient Optimists: On my way to Africa, 28 March 2012 – Bill Gates writes about his upcoming trip to Zambia, where he’ll be looking at various malaria interventions, and Ethiopia, where he’ll be checking up on the Agricultural Transformation Agency and other projects.
Opinions
- The Daily Maverick (South Africa): Scrutinising South Africa’s inclusion in Brics, 3 April 2012 The author analyses the various arguments for and against South Africa’s inclusion in the Brics.
- allAfrica.com (Pan-African): Nigeria: Ngozi for president, 2 April 2012 – Richard Dowden, Director of the Royal African Society, writes about the World Bank’s history in Africa and why he thinks Nigeria’s Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala is the best person to head the Bank.
- The Daily Nation (Kenya): Kenya needs a prudent national oil policy, 1 April 2012 – The author argues that, in light of the recent announcement that oil has been found in Turkana, the government should implement a national oil policy so as to avoid the “oil curse” and make the most of the find.
- Aljazeera (Qatar): Massive corruption does not justify Malian coup, 31 March 2012 – This piece argues that the excuses given for the coup in Mali do not warrant the overthrow of a democratically elected government and set a dangerous precedent.
- The Economist (UK): African democracy: Representative government is still on the march in Africa, despite recent hiccups, 31 March 2012 – The editorial argues that although representative government in Africa has faced some challenges in recent months (and years), there is still reason to be optimistic.
- The Guardian (UK): Boom time in Mozambique, once the basket case of Africa, 28 March 2012 – The author discusses the economic growth of, and foreign investment in, Mozambique and other African economies but questions what effect this has had on reducing inequalities on the continent.
- Le Pays (Burkina Faso) Démocratie en Afrique: La nécessité d’un second souffle , 23 March 2012 – Freddy Mulongo, argues that African democracy needs, now more than ever, a big push following the recent events in Senegal and Mali to prevent the risk of democratic regression on the continent. He highlights that African governance is a complex process that currently goes one step ahead and two steps backwards and invites Africans to favor strong institutions instead of strong men to ensure African democracy takes roots.
Quote
“We cannot allow this country endowed with such precious democratic instruments, dating back at least two decades, to leave history by regressing. It's why Mali needs to immediately return its democratic institutions to normal, this position is nonnegotiable.
- Alassane Ouattara, the president of Ivory Coast and Chair of ECOWAS
G8/G20 Update
Australia
BRICS
- The Fourth BRICS summit end with a declaration on ‘Partnership for Global Stability, Security and Prosperity’, which calls for accelerating growth, sustainable development, and food and energy security
Canada
China
- China ready to handover $90m conference building to the Malawian government
- Africa's exports to China explode. China is set to become Africa's largest export destination this year, reflecting a dramatic change since 2008, when Africa exported half as much to China as it did to the US
EU
- EU to Increase Investment in Zimbabwe
- EU extends range of its anti-piracy patrols, allowing strikes inside Somalia
France
- France rules out sending soldiers to Mali
- French court backs Rwanda extradition request. The court has agreed that the suspect should be extradited to Rwanda to face charges of genocide in the central African state. It is the country’s first extradition of one of its citizens
Germany
India
- Bharti Airtel launches mobile services in Rwanda, taking its presence in Africa to 17 countries
UK
USA
- United States to provide additional $120 million in emergency assistance to the Sahel this year, bringing their total humanitarian aid to the region to $200 million
- International Community Announces New Partnership to Strengthen Resilience against Disasters in the Horn of Africa
Calendar
| 7 April | World Health Day | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 7 April | Day of Remembrance of the victims of the Rwanda Genocide | ||
| 12-13 April | "What Works" conference on Internationalisation for Job Creation and Economic Growth: Increasing Coherence of Government and System Policies at a Time of Global Crisis, organised by the OECD and the State University of New York: New York, USA | ||
| 19-21 April | African Conference on "Measuring Well-Being and Fostering the Progress of Societies," organized in collaboration with the High Commission of Planning of Morocco (HCP), OECD, PARIS21, AfDB and UNECA: Rabat, Morocco. | ||
| 20 April 2 | Sanitation and Water for All (SWA) High Level Meetings - “Economic Gains from Water and Sanitation:” Washington, D.C | ||
| 22-22 April | IMF/World Bank Spring Meetings & G20 Finance Ministers/Central Bank Governors meetings: Washington, D.C |



