Contents
- Editorial: COP, la solution pour faire face au changement climatique ?
- Illustration 1
- Illustration 2
- Opinions
- News Overview
- Quote
- Durban Talks
- In the blogs...
- Multilateral Organizations
- G8/G20 Update
- Calendar
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COP, la solution pour faire face au changement climatique ?
La Convention des Nations unies sur le changement climatique (CNUCC) qui a eu lieu la semaine dernière à Durban s’est terminée dans un mélange de soulagement, de déception et de confusion. L’excitation était à son comble, quand, le dimanche matin, les négociateurs sont enfin arrivés à un accord : « Ecoutez ! » a lancé la chef de la CNUCC, Christiana Figueres, sur Twitter : « Nous avons obtenu une deuxième période d’engagement au titre du protocole de Kyoto, c’est une promesse d’avenir à valeur juridique pour tous, la mise en œuvre complète du Fonds vert pour le climat de Cancun ! COP n° 17 » De la même manière, le président d’Afrique du Sud, Jacob Zuma, a déclaré que l’accord était « un coup de maître pour l’Afrique », tandis que Chris Huhne, le Secrétaire de l’énergie et du climat du Royaume-Uni, a parlé d’un « grand pas en avant pour limiter les émissions et faire face au problème du changement climatique dans le monde. » La veille, tout laissait à penser qu’un tel accord n’aurait jamais eu lieu, comme à la COP 16 de Copenhague, où les négociateurs sont partis sans rien pour défendre leurs initiatives.
Cependant, à mesure que les choses se clarifiaient, ou plutôt à mesure qu’elles s’obscurcissaient, le « Package » de Durban est devenu de plus en plus l’objet d’une remise en question. Des articles sont parus dans les médias cette semaine sur les conditions tendues dans lesquelles les décisions ont été prises, l’ambiguïté de nombreux textes et le manque de plans concrets sur la manière dont le Fonds vert du climat serait structuré et géré. Mme Figueres a averti que l’accord était « insuffisant » et qu’on « était toujours loin de [notre] objectif ». Saraha Jayne-Clifton, coordinatrice de la justice climatique de Friends of the Earth International, faisant part d’un sentiment partagé de plus en plus dans le monde, a soutenu que « les personnes ordinaires avaient, une fois de plus, été déçues par nos gouvernements. Guidés par les Etats-Unis, les pays développés n’ont pas tenu leur promesse, ils ont affaibli les règles régissant les initiatives concernant le changement climatique et raffermi celles qui permettent à leurs compagnies de profiter de la crise climatique. » Oxfam a déclaré de plus : « L’accord établi à Durban n’est pas bon pour l’avenir de la planète ou pour les populations les plus pauvres et les plus vulnérables. Le message que les négociateurs ont fait passer aux populations qui ont faim est : qu’ils mangent du carbone. »
Qu’a donc tiré l’Afrique de Durban ? Qu’est-il advenu des négociations sur le climat de la planète censées aboutir à un « business plan international pour la planète » et reposant sur trois fondements essentiels : les stratégies d’atténuation, d’adaptation et la réduction de la pauvreté » ? Vu le nombre de personnes et d’organisations ayant débattu ces dernières semaines – si ce n’est des mois et des années ! – nous avons la responsabilité éthique et morale de prendre des mesures solides pour faire face dès maintenant à la question du changement climatique. Faire retarder les choses ne fera qu’augmenter, - et a d’ailleurs déjà fait augmenter -, les coûts économiques et sociaux.
Si les émetteurs principaux de carbone ne font rien d’autre que retarder les moments de prise de décision concrète, les populations africaines s’en trouveront sans aucun doute terriblement affectées, les disputes à propos de l’eau et de la pénurie d’autres ressources pourraient exacerber les conflits, et la sécurité alimentaire et les moyens de subsistance s’en trouveront d’autant plus menacés. Les dirigeants politiques africains doivent hausser la voix, faire part de leurs témoignages et surtout, ils doivent s’aligner sur les aspirations de leurs citoyens.
2011 nous a montré, de manière générale, que l’Afrique tirait son épingle du jeu dans un monde changeant et imprévisible. Cette avancée doit être protégée et cultivée, car l’Afrique a désormais devant elle une véritable opportunité de contribuer de plus en plus à l’économie mondiale, de transformer sa manière de se développer et de consolider son paysage social et économique.
Meilleurs vœux pour l’année 2012.
News Overview
- Egyptians head to the polls in the second round of elections to elect a new parliament - the first since President Hosni Mubarak was toppled in February. As liberals face an uphill battle to compete with Islamist parties, the prospect of an Islamist-dominated parliament raises fears among liberals about religious freedom in a country with the Middle East’s largest Christian minority.
- The leading opposition party in the Democratic Republic of Congo rejected the official announcement of Joseph Kabila's re-election as president as "totally unacceptable" following crucial elections expected to reinforce stability in one of Africa's largest and poorest countries.
- Tunisia's Constituent Assembly has elected Moncef Marzouki, a former human rights activist and opposition leader, as the country's president after the revolution that expelled Ben Ali. Mr Marzouki calls his compatriots for a six-month political and social truce to sort out the country's deep-rooted economic problems, vowing to resign “if things don’t get better in six months”.
- Robert Mugabe, Zimbabwe's president, calls for elections next year to end a fragile coalition with the former opposition and expresses confidence that his party would win the proposed polls. PM Tsvangirai says the inclusive government remains dysfunctional and that many reforms must be implemented before new elections can be considered. These decisions have been greeted with concern by NGOs, fearing a surge in political violence.
- Member states of the International Criminal Court elected Fatou Bensouda of Gambia as its next chief prosecutor on Monday, in part to counter perceptions in Africa that it unfairly targets the continent. But not everyone is convinced that the office of the prosecutor will be substantially better off in her hands.
Durban Talks
- Canada pulls out of Kyoto protocol, arguing that the process does not cover the US and China – the two biggest emitters – and that it cannot meet targets. But that doesn't mean it no longer is legally obligated to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases, according to Christiana Figueres. Canada’s decision on Monday was characterized as "preposterous" by China, and "disappointing" and "deeply regrettable" by Japan and Britain, respectively.
- Bridge over troubled water (photo) This video is set in a village outside Durban, and illustrates how poor communities are being affected by, and dealing with, climate change.
- New data show that the member countries of the OECD DAC allocated up to $22.9 billion, or 15% of total official development assistance (ODA), to climate change mitigation and adaptation in developing countries in 2010.
- The Government of Norway has signed a grant agreement with the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) to strengthen climate services in Africa.
- The International Post Corporation (IPC) announces savings of US$400m due to improved environmental management within the postal sector and by eliminating 329,000 tonnes of CO2 emissions.
- In 2012, the African Water Facility (AWF) expects to commit about €25 million to 22 new projects that will contribute to climate adaptation and mitigation.
- In an interview with Spiegel Online, Achim Steiner, the head of the UNEP, calls the delay "irresponsible,” saying “human kind cannot afford negotiations until 2020”.
- How to create a successful un climate summit: this article provides lessons from Durban and points out why the next global meeting must be transformed into a forum for mutual learning and not just one for haggling and meaningless legalese.
- The Earth Negotiations Bulletin provides a brief analysis of COP17 and CMP7. It summarizes the discussions, decisions and conclusions based on the agendas of the COP, CMP and the subsidiary bodies.
Multilateral Organizations
AFDB
- The AfDB discussed progress on its energy strategy for Africa, which seeks to create better access to electricity on the continent
- The AfDB lends €28.1 million to support access to reliable energy in Kenya
- The AfDB approves a loan of $8 million to support lending programs aimed at improving education and jobs in Namibia
- Five Multilateral Development Banks, who are lending some $8.4 billion annually for climate action in cities, agree on a new partnership to combat global warming
AFRICAN UNION
EAC
- EAC- COMESA- SADC launch a joint five-year Programme on Climate Change adaptation and mitigation, aiming to harmonize climate change programmes by the three regional blocs in addressing the impacts of climate change
- South Sudan to join the East African Community
ECOWAS
- ECOWAS steers regional integration with effective monitoring and evaluation tool
- ECOWAS member States and Nigeria to collaborate in addressing the various air transport challenges confronting the region
IFAD
ILO
IMF
- The latest issue of IMF’s Finance & Development Magazine confirms the upbeat outlook for the African continent and, while acknowledging continued and deep-rooted poverty, spells out what Africa needs to do to further spur opportunities for growth
- IMF Managing Director, Christine Lagarde, to visit Nigeria and Niger from 18-22 December, on her first trip to Africa since her appointment earlier this year
UN
- UN-backed Kenyan invasion of Somalia spirals into chaos
- UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon defends NATO against criticism from Russia, China and other countries, which accuse the alliance of overstepping its UN mandate to protect civilians in Libya
- The UN says it will need $7.7 billion from international donors in 2012 to cope with humanitarian emergencies affecting some 51 million people in 16 countries, chiefly Somalia, Sudan and Kenya
- A UN report says the expansion of malaria prevention and control measures have resulted in a decline of more than 25 per cent in the number of deaths caused by the disease in the past decade, and a 33 per cent reduction in mortality rates in Africa
WFP
WORLD BANK
- The World Bank approves a new mechanism that will allow the world’s poorest countries to expedite access to funding following a crisis
- The World Bank announces two new financial initiatives – the Carbon Initiative for Development (Ci-Dev) and the third tranche of the BioCarbon Fund (BioCF T3) – to help LDCs access financing for low carbon investments and enable them to tap into carbon markets after 2012
Opinions
- Daily Maverick: Let’s ban fire, 13 Dec. 2011 In this article, the author criticizes the efforts made at COP17, which he describes as a "beach party", as well as the final Durban Package, which he refers to as "recycled waste paper".
- Huffington Post: Durban Wrap-up, 13 Dec. 2011 This article discusses how and why the US, China and India prevented substantial progress from being made at the Durban conference and how it would in fact be to their advantage – both economically and in terms of development – to take greater and more progressive steps towards fighting climate change.
- The Atlantic: Overstated Success at Durban Climate Conference, 12 Dec. 2011 The author juxtaposes what the media have reported about the Durban Package and what the various texts of the Package actually say. He argues that given how vague the language of the texts is, there is little cause for celebration.
- allAfrica.com: Durban’s Platform for Potential (In) Action, 11 Dec. 2011 Author argues that while some people are happy with the Durban Package and the decisions reached at COP17, many others are not. According to the author, of particular concern is the second commitment to the Kyoto Protocol, which he argues is weak, lacks ambition and leaves much room for countries to get out of their already flexible emission reduction targets in the future.
- Thought Leader: If COP17 has to do with survival, why aren’t more people interested? 8 Dec. 2011 This article questions why more people aren’t interested in and getting involved with the fight against climate change. The author suggests that many people are unaware of the adverse effects of climate change and, therefore, calls for greater education for sustainable development, especially among young, school-going children.
Quote
“The outcome in Durban is a coup for Africa. Issues that had taken so long to resolve have been resolved on our soil.
- Jacob Zuma, President of South Africa
In the blogs...
- Center for International Forestry Research, Forests Blog: We must be optimistic about progress on climate change in Durban, 14 Dec. 2011- A facilitator for REDD+ negotiations writes about COP-17,and why we should remain positive about the Durban Package. It includes a video entitled ‘A day in the life of a REDD+ negotiator’.
- The World Bank’s Development in a Changing Climate: What did Durban deliver? 13 Dec. 2011 - Andrew Steer, Special Envoy for Climate Change at the World Bank, argues that the outcomes of the UN Climate Conference in Durban are highly positive for the long term prospects for a deal, and delivered all that could reasonably be hoped for.
G8/G20 Update
AUSTRALIA
BRAZIL
CHINA
EU
FRANCE
GERMANY
IBSA
ITALY
UK
- The UK unveils a new series of ‘Fast Start projects’ – part of a global scheme designed to help poor and vulnerable countries adapt to climate change
- A Senior officer of the UK armed forces’ Sir David Richards, says the country should make military alliances in Africa rather than try to compete for influence over the emerging powers of China and India
- The UK and Libyan governments pledge to look for practical ways to work together towards a free and prosperous Libya playing a full role in the international community
USA
Calendar
| 19 December 2011 | United Nations Day for South-South Cooperation | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 12 January 2012 | Investor Summit on Climate Risk and Energy Solutions:New York, U.S.A | ||
| 16-19 January | World Future Energy Summit (Abu Dhabi) | ||
| 17 January | Sustainable Foods Summit (San Francisco) | ||
| 23-30 January | 18th Ordinary Session of the Summit of the African Union: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia | ||
| 25-29 January | World Economic Forum Annual Meeting:Davos, Switzerland |


